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ASTM E2755-2010 成人用手清洁配方的除菌效果测定的标准试验方法

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【英文标准名称】:StandardTestMethodforDeterminingtheBacteria-EliminatingEffectivenessofHandSanitizerFormulationsUsingHandsofAdults
【原文标准名称】:成人用手清洁配方的除菌效果测定的标准试验方法
【标准号】:ASTME2755-2010
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:美国
【发布日期】:2010
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:E35.15
【标准类型】:(TestMethod)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:
【英文主题词】:alcohol-basedhandrub;antimicrobial;contaminant;efficacy;handantiseptic;handsanitizer;healthcarepersonnelhandwash;Serratiamarcescens;Staphylococcusaureus
【摘要】:Handhygieneisconsideredoneofthemostimportantmeasuresforpreventingthespreadofinfectiousmicroorganisms.Handsanitizersreducethemicrobialloadonthehandswithouttheuseofsoapandwater,andarethusanimportanttoolinthepracticeofgoodhandhygiene.Handsanitizersarerecommendedforuseonhandsthatarenotvisiblysoiled.Theyareformulatedtobeappliedfullstrengthtodryhands,x201C;rubbedinx201D;untildry,andarenotrinsedoff.Thistestmethodisspecificallydesignedtoevaluatethebacteria-eliminatingactivityofhandsanitizersfromexperimentally-contaminatedhands.ItisintendedtobeanalternativetoTestMethodE1174,whichwasdesignedprimarilytoevaluateantimicrobialhandwashingagentsthatarelatheredwiththeaidofwaterandthenrinsedoff.WhenusingTestMethodE1174toevaluatehandsanitizers,inadequatedryingofthehandsaftercontaminationdilutesthetestproductandcancompromiseactivity,leadingtoanunderestimationofeffectiveness.Byapplyingahighertitertestbacteriasuspensioninasmallervolume,soilloadonthehandsisminimizedandhandsarecompletelydrypriortoapplicationofthetestmaterial.Thesemodificationsresultinabetterapproximationofthein-useconditionsforhandsanitizersandthusprovideamorereliableindicationoftheirperformanceinthefield.Thistestmethodcanbeusedtotestanyformofhandsanitizer,includinggels,rubs,sprays,foams,andwipesaccordingtolabeldirectionsattypicalx201C;in-usex201D;doses.Susceptibilitytobiocidescanvaryamongdifferentspeciesofbacteriaandmajordifferenceshavebeennotedbetweengram-negativeandgram-positiveorganisms.Thistestmethodprovidestheoptiontouseeitheragram-negativebacterium(Serratiamarcescens)oragram-positivebacterium(Staphylococcusaureus)asthetestorganism.S.marcescensisusedasatestorganisminbothTestMethodE1174andTestMethodE2276.S.aureusisahighlyrelevantpathogeninhealthcare,institutional,andcommunitysettings.Moreover,handsareanimportantvehicleinthetransferofS.aureusbetweenpeopleandtheenvironment,andinthetransferbetweenindividuals.ThistestmethodmaybeusedasanalternativetoTestMethodE2276,whichlimitsthetestbacteriatothefingerpadsanddoesnotincorporateactualuseconditionssuchasfrictionduringhanddecontamination.TheinvestigatorshouldbeawareofpotentialhealthrisksassociatedwiththeuseoftheseorganismsandprecautionssimilartothosereferencedinSection8shouldbetaken.1.1Thistestmethodisdesignedtodeterminetheactivityofhandsanitizers(alsoknownashandrubs,hygienichandrubs,orhandantiseptics)againsttransientbacterialfloraonthehands.1.2Performanceofthisprocedurerequirestheknowledgeofregulationspertainingtotheprotectionofhumansubjects(see21CFRParts50and56).1.3Thistestmethodshouldbeperformedbypersonswithtraininginmicrobiology,infacilitiesdesignedandequippedforworkwithpotentiallyinfectiousagentsatbiosafetylevel2.
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【英文标准名称】:LaboratoryFilterPapers
【原文标准名称】:实验室滤纸
【标准号】:ASTME832-1981
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:美国
【发布日期】:1981
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(ASTM)
【起草单位】:ASTM
【标准类型】:()
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:材料;纸;规范(批准);实验室;滤纸
【英文主题词】:specification(approval);paper;laboratories;materials;filterpapers
【摘要】:
【中国标准分类号】:N64
【国际标准分类号】:71_040_30
【页数】:3P;A4
【正文语种】:英语


Product Code:SAE AIR6025
Title:Issues Associated with Development and Implementation of Vertical Flight Aircraft
Issuing Committee:G-10v Vertical Flight Committee
Scope: The integration of vertical flight aircraft, from rotorcraft-helicopters to gyroplanes, vectored thrust and powered-lift aircraft, is becoming more crucial as airspace becomes more congested. It can reasonably be expected that vertical flight aircraft will be an integral part of the solution to airspace congestion and passenger transportation demand. Studies conducted by the FAA and industry indicate that vertical flight applications coupled with simultaneous non-interfering (SNI) IFR operations provides more than 35% increases in operations and passenger throughput at congested airfields.This document lists and explains the efforts of the SAE G10 Aerospace Behavioral Engineering Technology (G10 ABET) Vertical Flight (VF) Subcommittee to list, evaluate and explain the issues associated with the integration of vertical flight aircraft into the National Airspace System. It is a replacement/update document to replace ARD 50018. To further that end, this document provides a central source for the tracking of human engineering and performance issues related to the design, development and implementation of vertical flight integration solutions. It is intended that this paper be a living as well as historical report on the relevant vertical flight issues, and will be updated regularly to reflect research activities on these issues. Issues will not be removed from this report as they are resolved but rather will remain in order to document work produced and accomplished.
Rationale: The integration of vertical flight aircraft, from rotorcraft-helicopters to gyroplanes, vectored thrust and powered-lift aircraft, is becoming more crucial as airspace becomes more congested. It can reasonably be expected that vertical flight aircraft will be an integral part of the solution to airspace congestion and passenger transportation demand. Studies conducted by the FAA and industry indicate that vertical flight applications coupled with simultaneous non-interfering (SNI) IFR operations provides more than 35% increases in operations and passenger throughput at congested airfields.This document lists and explains the efforts of the SAE G10 Aerospace Behavioral Engineering Technology (G10 ABET) Vertical Flight (VF) Subcommittee to list, evaluate and explain the issues associated with the integration of vertical flight aircraft into the National Airspace System. It is a replacement/update document to replace ARD 50018. To further that end, this document provides a central source for the tracking of human engineering and performance issues related to the design, development and implementation of vertical flight integration solutions. It is intended that this paper be a living as well as historical report on the relevant vertical flight issues, and will be updated regularly to reflect research activities on these issues. Issues will not be removed from this report as they are resolved but rather will remain in order to document work produced and accomplished.